This will come as a shock, however you don’t should barbell bench press. Now, earlier than you write offended letters and launch a protest marketing campaign, hearken to the total story. Except you’re a powerlifter coaching particularly for competitors, there are many workouts that construct higher physique muscle and energy as successfully because the bench press.
For a lot of, machines supply the right combination of stability, accessibility, consolation, novelty, and coaching stimulus. Certain, some machines have design flaws and issues, however many are an absolute pleasure to make use of. Higher but, machine-based coaching has been proven to stimulate equal muscular variations to free weight coaching. (1)
The chest press is a staple machine-based train. However there’s extra to the quintessential chest press machine than the information contained on its instruction placard. Study correct setup and method, frequent pitfalls, distinctive advantages, programming methods, and extra.
Chest Press Machine
Chest Press Machine Video Information
See the educational chest press machine video from the article’s creator, Dr. Merrick Lincoln, then try the step-by-step breakdown with further kind suggestions.
The right way to Use the Chest Press Machine
To get probably the most out of the chest press machine, comply with these steps for proper setup and efficient execution.
Step 1 — Set Up Your Machine
The primary, and arguably most vital, step is to correctly arrange the machine — it should be adjusted to suit the consumer. Though machine designs fluctuate significantly, most have two changes: Seat top and the fore-aft place of the backrest.
Adjusting the peak of the seat determines the situation of the handles relative to the consumer. Decreasing the seat creates the next beginning place for the handles and elevating the seat ends in a decrease beginning place of the handles. The handles must be on the degree of your decrease chest, at roughly nipple-height to be anatomically particular.
On most machines, front-and-back adjustment of the backrest determines the “depth” of the beginning place. Transfer the seat ahead to create extra stretch on the backside place or transfer the seat backward to restrict the vary of movement within the backside place.
Your private choice, harm historical past, and particular person anatomy work together to tell your individual acceptable vary of movement. Generally, determine a seat place that maximizes a cushty vary of movement.
Kind Tip: Take the time to really look at the particular machine’s design, notably the motion arms — the metallic levers that you just push away out of your physique. Motion arms that pivot from above the seat have a tendency to advertise urgent at a barely upward angle relative to your physique, just like a slight incline press. Subsequently, to execute “flat bench” method and elicit balanced chest growth, the handles must be barely decrease than regular. On machines with motion arms that pivot from beneath the consumer, the urgent movement might comply with a slight decline. On this model machine, it’s prudent to arrange with handles barely increased than normal.
Step 2 — Set a Steady Beginning Place
Get your physique right into a secure and robust place by establishing factors of contact with a slight arch in your backbone. Factors of contact embrace: your head towards the headrest, each shoulder blades towards the backrest, your glutes on the seat, each ft on the ground, and each arms absolutely gripped across the handles.
Arch your center and higher again as you squeeze your shoulder blades collectively with out shrugging upward. Preserve this place all through the train.
Kind Tip: Though many who can’t attain the ground when seated on the chest press machine intuitively cross their ankles for stability, this technique is just not optimum. If you happen to’re unable to succeed in the ground, place your ft on a secure foothold — a step, a brief plyometric field, a weight plate, or the machine’s foot pegs if accessible.
Step 3 — Drive the Motion Arms Away
Hold your forearms and wrists aligned with the pure path of the motion arm and push each handles away. Proceed to push till your elbows are straight or almost straight.
Kind Tip: “Press to your eye-line” is a training cue utilized by Tyler Hobson, one of many nice designers and builders of fitness center gear. This cue is sensible, as a result of it exploits the advantages of an exterior focus of consideration. Basically, your focus shifts to no matter object or environmental landmark is in your line of gaze. This will end in extra environment friendly, extra forceful motion, and probably larger strength gains. (2)
Step 4 — Decrease With Management
Decrease the motion arms again towards the beginning place. Management is crucial. Decrease till you are feeling a profound stretch throughout your chest muscle groups or till the motion arms gently contact the machine. Don’t bounce off the machine’s stops on the backside.
Kind Tip: As a substitute of “reducing the load,” take into consideration “rowing” or actively pulling the motion arms again towards your chest. This method reinforces a powerful place of your shoulder blades.
Chest Press Machine Errors to Keep away from
Sidestep these frequent errors to construct extra muscle with the chest press machine.
Wrist Extension
Many lifters hop on the chest press machine and grip the handles within the heart of their palms with out consideration to their particular hand place. This ends in an prolonged wrist place — bending arms again towards the highest of your forearms.
Finally, extreme wrist extension is a comparatively weaker place for urgent and will end in an excessively “tucked” arm path through the press.
Keep away from it: Make sure the handles lie throughout the heels of your arms. When urgent, goal your knuckles alongside the trail motion. Seen from the aspect, your forearm and hand ought to kind a straight line all through the press.
Sloppy Transition Between Reps
“Ego lifters” and uninitiated trainees usually exploit Newton’s legislation of action-reaction on the backside of every repetition by bouncing the motion arms off the machine to make the next repetition simpler to carry out.
Uncontrolled impression returns vitality into the subsequent repetition, robbing the goal muscle groups of all-important pressure. Exerting management all through your entire repetition is more difficult, but additionally extra rewarding.
Keep away from it: Whereas lifters are usually intentional concerning the lockout place on the high of the press, most can be higher served shifting their consideration to a easy and gradual transition between repetitions on the backside place. Decelerate as you strategy the underside place. Gently “kiss” the motion arms towards the machine. Pay attention to maintain your self trustworthy — gentle contact with the machine ought to make little or no sound.
Extreme or Inadequate Vary of Movement
Whereas there’s no common “right” vary of movement (ROM) for each lifter on the chest press machine, the ROM you employ ought to examine a couple of key containers: ROM must be well-tolerated by your shoulders; ROM ought to, if attainable, produce a profound stretch throughout your chest and entrance of your shoulders; ROM mustn’t produce compensatory actions or actions not intrinsic to the train. Urgent with method that fails to fulfill these standards is suboptimal, at greatest.
The second standards (“massive stretch”) is simple. Mounting proof suggests the stretched place of the repetition is a very powerful for positive aspects. (3) Don’t minimize it brief through the use of inadequate ROM.
Lastly, if the ROM is pushed too far, the lifter will start to exhibit undesirable compensations together with dropping your chest, permitting your shoulder blades to tilt ahead, and/or flaring your elbows. If you happen to’re unable to maintain your shoulder blades retracted and preserve a constant arm path by means of the underside place, there’s a very good probability you’re attempting to make use of extreme ROM. In all instances, errors will be corrected by re-adjusting the machine.
Keep away from it: Lifters with shoulder accidents or instability may not tolerate as a lot shoulder extension on the backside of the repetition, so really feel it out in your “work up” units and alter the machine accordingly.
The right way to Progress the Chest Press Machine
When it’s time to ramp up your workload, conventional development methods corresponding to including weight or growing repetitions and units can work effectively with the chest press machine. As well as, machine designs are conducive to superior coaching methods corresponding to drop units and lengthened partials.
Improve Relative Effort
An easy development technique for resistance coaching includes growing the degree of effort — or proximity to failure — of every set. This technique might contain including weight and/or including repetitions.
For instance, think about a lifter who usually performs a set utilizing 220 kilos (100 kilograms) for 10 repetitions. This set brings the lifter considerably near failure — Subjectively, they could report having three extra reps left within the tank, or “repetitions in reserve.”
To extend relative effort, the lifter might merely add weight or carry out a number of further repetitions. As a result of a very good chest press machine has “built-in” security options, the lifter might really feel extra comfy pushing their degree effort nearer to and even to failure in comparison with a barbell or dumbbell bench press.
Lengthened Partials
Whereas pristine repetitions by means of full vary of movement could also be thought of the head of lifting talent, it isn’t the one efficient technique to build muscle and energy. Legendary bodybuilding coach John Meadows generally ended his high-intensity units with partial range of motion reps. And science is starting to acknowledge the potential worth of partials.
A latest systematic evaluate evaluating full ROM coaching and partial ROM coaching reported trivial variations between energy and hypertrophy. (3) Nevertheless, partial vary of movement coaching was discovered to have slight benefit for hypertrophy when emphasizing the lengthened (stretched) place. (3) Lengthened partials seem to boost pressure and promote muscle hypoxia, that are mechanical- and chemical stimuli conducive to development. (4)(5)
The chest press machine presents an incredible alternative to progress your coaching by including lengthened partials to the tip of your conventional full vary of movement set.
The goal muscle groups are lengthened within the backside place of the chest press, so carry out your partials within the backside one-third to two-thirds of the repetition. Partials are nice to tack onto the tip of conventional units. Shoot for 3 to 6 lengthened partial repetitions instantly after your full vary of movement repetitions. Be warned: you’re in for a painful burn. By avoiding lockout, you’ll preserve pressure in your chest, bathing the muscle in metabolites and ravenous it of oxygen. (5)
Drop Units
On the subject of intense coaching to your chest, few workouts can evaluate to the chest press machine carried out with drop units. Drop units entail taking an train to, or near, failure, lowering the load, then instantly performing an extra set.
One to 3 “drops” are generally carried out, reworking a difficult set right into a coaching bout that flirts with failure a number of occasions. Drop set protocols with one and three “drops” have been proven to be as efficient for enhancing bench press energy as 4 conventional units. (6) Furthermore, the three-drop drop set protocol was superior to conventional units for enhancing repetitions to failure (i.e. muscle endurance). (6)
To carry out a three-drop drop set protocol, ideally use a cable stack (“selectorized”) chest press machine to reduce the time wanted to alter the load. Carry out the primary set to or near failure utilizing a reasonable weight (one which permits roughly 10 to 12 repetitions).
Scale back the load 20 to 30% and instantly carry out one other set to or near failure. Repeat this strategy of lowering the load by 20 to 30% for every drop till you’ve carried out a complete of 4 units.
Advantages of the Chest Press Machine
Certain, you’ll be able to press with a barbell or dumbbells, however a well-designed chest press machine presents a number of benefits — enhanced security, a secure motion path, and a easy resistance curve.
Excessive Depth Chest Coaching
Whether or not you prepare with heavy masses and grind by means of only a handful of reps or use gentle masses for marathon units, security is paramount. In case this declare isn’t self-evident, right here’s the rationale: an injured lifter can’t prepare, and a lifter who can’t prepare loses positive aspects.
All types of free-weight urgent, together with the barbell and dumbbell bench press, require a educated spotter for secure execution. Nevertheless, the designs of machines have “self-spotting” mechanisms inbuilt. That means, when you fail on a repetition on a chest press machine, you’re unlikely to get choked out below a bar or displace your tooth with a dumbbell. Constructed-in security options ought to instill confidence, permitting you to push your units ever nearer to failure and maximize positive aspects.
Consistency For Thoughts-Muscle Connection
The levers and pivot factors of typical chest machines constrain motion to a predictable path. Whereas no two lifters press utilizing the very same method as a result of variations in motion technique, machine setup, and physique dimensions, the constrained motion path promotes consistency for every particular person consumer.
This consistency might assist you to develop a way characterised by intentional and intense contraction of the goal muscle groups. This aware connection to the goal muscle is called the mind-muscle connection. Creating a powerful mind-muscle connection has been urged as a superior technique for lifters who wish to improve recruitment of a goal muscle. (7)
To develop a stronger mind-muscle connection, use lighter “work up units” to consciously discover delicate variations in motion method. For instance, strive barely tucking or flaring your elbows, strive holding your sternum a bit increased, or strive making use of a delicate rotational drive to the handles. Machines present extra environment friendly and safer environments for cultivating a powerful mind-muscle connection.
Superior Resistance Curve
Resistance coaching workouts are restricted by the quantity of load our muscle groups can overcome through the sticking level, or probably the most difficult portion of the motion. The sticking level for the barbell bench press happens towards the start of the upward motion section when the bar is simply above the chest. (8) Throughout the the rest of the motion, your muscle groups usually are not maximally challenged.
Whereas the bands or chains could also be used to beat this potential limitation, these modifications require further gear, could also be cumbersome to arrange, and can seemingly by no means obtain the texture of a well-designed chest press machine.
A well-designed machine varies the resistance utilized to the lifter all through the vary of movement utilizing levers and/or cams. Whereas meta-analyses have proven no distinction in coaching variations between variable resistance and conventional resistance coaching, these analyses embrace band- and chain-based variable resistance. (9)(10)
Research particularly evaluating variable resistance machines to free weight variations of the workouts have reported superior variations for the variable resistance teams together with elevated muscle torque and elevated resistance to fatigue. (11)(12) Whereas different evidence-based lifters look forward to extra analysis, hedge your bets by incorporating machine-based chest urgent.
Muscle mass Labored by the Chest Press Machine
Try the placards or instruction playing cards on the chest press machines at your native fitness center. On every anatomy diagram, your entire higher entrance of the torso shall be highlighted as “goal muscle groups.” The chest press machine will undoubtedly gentle up your chest, as anticipated, together with elements of your shoulders and arms.
Pectoralis Main
Because the identify suggests, the chest press machine primarily targets your chest. Your pectoralis main is the most important and most visually distinguished muscle of the chest by a longshot. Typical chest press machines resist an arm path that toes the road between flexion, or elevating your arms straight in entrance of your physique, and horizontal adduction, or transferring your arms collectively in entrance of your physique.
Your pectoralis main contributes to each actions. (13)(14) Furthermore, the chest press machine seems to stimulate sturdy muscle exercise in all elements of the broad, fanlike pectoralis main muscle. (15)
Triceps Brachii
Just like the bench press, the chest press machine additionally trains your triceps brachii. Triceps muscle excitation has been proven to be decrease through the chest press machine in comparison with the bench press when each workouts had been carried out at 80% of their respective 1-repetition most. (16) Then again, one other research confirmed no distinction in triceps brachii muscle excitation when each workouts had been carried out at 60% of 1-repetition most. (17)
Altogether, there may be ongoing debate about whether or not the extra secure situations of the chest press machine are roughly conducive to triceps excitation. (16)(17) The reply could also be depending on particular person variations of particular machine designs (e.g., which machine permits the lifter to deal with extra weight?). Both means, relaxation assured, your triceps are educated through the chest press.
Anterior Deltoid
The anterior deltoid, typically referred to as the “entrance delts,” contribute to shoulder flexion and horizontal abduction, the actions mixed through the typical chest press machine. (13)
Utilizing a chest press machine with a impartial grip (palms going through one another) moderately than an overhand (“pronated”) grip has been proven to advertise extra anterior deltoid activation, though the distinction fails to succeed in statistical significance, and the sensible relevance of those findings are questionable. (15)(18)
The right way to Program the Chest Press Machine
The chest press machine will be programmed into many various kinds of training splits — as a essential train on “chest day,” on “push day” in a push/pull/legs break up, as one among a number of compound lifts throughout a devoted higher physique exercise, or as part of a full-body routine.
As a Heavy Major Train
When structuring exercises to construct muscle or improve energy, it is not uncommon to frontload the heaviest multi-joint actions towards the start of the exercise. This technique is sensible, as excessive threshold motor models — the teams of muscle fibers with probably the most energy and biggest coaching potential — haven’t been fatigued by accumulating quantity.
Whereas a “energy purist” would possibly program the barbell bench press as their major horizontal pushing motion, the chest press machine can work simply as effectively. To make use of the chest press machine as your major heavy pushing train, work as much as a difficult weight for two to 4 units of 5 to 10 repetitions. Take beneficiant three-to-four-minute relaxation intervals between units. This protocol will construct energy and dimension.
As a Average-to-Gentle Secondary Train
Not prepared to totally embrace the machines? Hold a free weight train as your major urgent motion and use the chest press machine as if it had been an adjunct train, or “pump work.” Use moderate-to-light weight and carry out for prime repetitions. The chest press machine can take the place of a triceps- or chest isolation train, corresponding to pushdowns or pec flyes.
We all know a variety of masses are efficient for constructing dimension and energy. (19)(20)(21) — So, don’t stress about percentages or 1-repetition most testing. Utilizing a weight that you just discover “gentle to reasonably heavy,” carry out two or three units. Carry out sufficient repetitions to strategy failure. Take two to 3 minute relaxation between units.
As A part of a Superset or Alternating Set Routine
In case your exercise break up means that you can pair workouts that hit opposing muscle teams in the identical exercise, it can save you a ton of time. Supersetting is when no relaxation is taken between the paired workouts. If a standard relaxation interval is taken between the opposing workouts, the programming technique is named “alternating units.”
For a killer chest and back workout, strive pairing the chest press with a again train like a barbell bent-over row or a neutral-grip lat pulldown. To resolve whether or not you’ll use supersets or alternating units, select whether or not you’re optimizing for effectivity or fatigue administration.
Supersets save extra time, however may end in extra fatigue. Though supersets usually keep away from fatigue within the working muscle groups (“peripheral fatigue”), they could not present sufficient relaxation to keep away from accumulating systemic or central fatigue, which may intrude you’re your subsequent set.
Then again, alternating units present extra total relaxation. They could additionally nonetheless save time relative to conventional straight units, as a result of most lifters is not going to require as a lot relaxation to get well between opposing workouts.
Chest Press Machine Variations
If you happen to’re lucky to coach at a well-equipped fitness center, the usual chest press machine isn’t your solely possibility. It’s possible you’ll wish to discover the fitness center to see if in case you have entry to those variations.
Converging Chest Press Machine
The arms converge, or come collectively, all through the upward motion section when utilizing a converging chest press machine. You’ll know a chest press is converging by inspecting the pivot factors of the machine’s motion arms. On converging machines, the motion arms are angled inwards whereas, on conventional or non-converging chest press machines, the motion arms are directed straight forward.
The converging chest press facilitates extra vary of movement towards peak contraction, or shortest muscle size of your pectoralis main. Whereas some discover the converging chest press machine feels extra “pure,” machine designs fluctuate. Primary method tips apply to the converging machine. Set an acceptable seat top and seatback place, preserve retracted shoulder blades, and press alongside the trail of the motion arms.
Incline Chest Press Machine
Simply because the incline bench press might present larger higher chest coaching compared to the flat bench press, the incline chest press machine might bias your higher chest greater than the standard chest press machine. (22)(23)(24)
The first distinction between the incline chest press machine and conventional chest press machine is the motion arm path. On the incline machine, the motion arms journey at an upward angle relative to your torso, whereas the standard chest press machine’s motion arms journey roughly horizontal relative to your torso.
Though train method and setup is comparable between the 2 workouts, the preliminary place of the handles must be increased for the incline chest press machine than the standard chest press. Alter the seat top so the handles are halfway between your mid-chest and collarbones. Push alongside the pure path of the motion arms along with your wrists straight. Decrease with management and transition into the subsequent repetition with out bouncing out of the underside place.
Smith Machine Chest Press
Searching for a hybrid train between chest press machine and barbell bench press? Think about the Smith machine chest press. Like the usual chest press machine, the Smith machine chest press constrains the motion path and certain has some built-in security options, corresponding to adjustable vary of movement limiters.
The barbell bench press and Smith machine chest press are each carried out from a mendacity place, each use a pronated (overhand) grip on a straight bar, and neither incorporate the variable resistance patterns of lever- or cam-based chest press machines.
Counterbalanced Smith machines negate the load of the bar, that means the unloaded bar feels nearly weightless. Clearly, you’ll want so as to add barely extra weight to counterbalanced Smith machines than non-counterbalanced.
Smith machines use a hook-like mechanism to securely un-rack and re-rack the barbell on its tracks. Develop into accustomed to the wrist-motion required to function this mechanism and, in anticipation of this motion, pre-position your wrists barely within the different route earlier than your set.
Lastly, place your self appropriately on the bench. In distinction to bench press, which is about up with the bar above your neck, you will have to start out with the bar above your mid-chest on the Smith machine because it tracks vertically all through the train.
FAQs
Perhaps, however the fixed exterior resistance of the barbell is not going to be very forgiving when you try to carry out repeated partial repetitions by means of the sticking level. You’ll seemingly want to scale back the load to efficiently carry out lengthened partials with the standard bench press.
Utilizing a machine with a well-designed resistance curve avoids this difficulty, because the machine applies much less exterior resistance by means of the standard sticking level of the press. This permits for the usage of lengthened partials on the finish of a excessive effort set (as demonstrated within the The right way to Progress part). The machine additionally has built-in security options to guard you within the occasion you are taking your lengthened partials previous the purpose of failure.
Espresso or pour-over? Single barrel whiskey or aged tequila? Trip to the seashore or to the mountains? These are questions that finally come down to non-public choice. Whereas every possibility has its strengths and disadvantages, it’s best to strive each choices and use the one which feels greatest.
Stack-loaded machines are fast and simple to make use of they usually’re nice for superior coaching methods, corresponding to drop units. They are often exquisitely engineered with easy and wise resistance curves. Nevertheless, robust lifters could also be restricted by the utmost resistance provided by the load stack.
Plate-loaded machines might require hauling plates throughout the fitness center and may not enable the exact manipulation of the resistance curve provided by cable machines with variable resistance cams. Nevertheless, plate-loaded machines with high-quality bearings nearly all the time have a greater really feel than cable- or belt-driven stack-loaded machines as a result of they’ve much less friction or resistance to motion.
Friction resistance is not a very good factor in machines. It makes the concentric section more durable and makes the eccentric section simpler, a sample misaligned along with your muscle groups’ capacities.
Iso-lateral chest machines enable separate operation of the motion arms, permitting you to coach your left and proper sides independently nearly like a “machine-version of dumbbells.”
When equally loaded, the iso-lateral design theoretically prevents a lifter’s “robust aspect” from taking the lion’s share of the press. Iso-lateral machines additionally enable the lifter to load a special quantity of weight on the left and proper aspect. This function could also be helpful in particular circumstances associated to harm and rehabilitation.
A latest, notably bothersome, development is the usage of alternating repetitions on iso-lateral chest machines. The lifter locks out one arm whereas performing a repetition with the opposite arm and see-saws backwards and forwards all through the set.
Whereas this alternating technique could also be helpful if a lengthened isometric had been held within the backside place whereas the opposite arm performs a repetition, it’s a waste of time to relaxation one arm within the locked out place. Generally, iso-lateral machines are greatest used utilizing the identical method as a machine chest press with a non-independent motion arm.
Chest Terminator — Rise of the Machine Press
A well-designed chest press machine might really feel prefer it has been despatched from the longer term to enhance your positive aspects and shield you from hurt. If you happen to settle for the assistance of the machine and apply the programming suggestions above, it is going to quickly be Judgement Day to your lagging chest.
References
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- Goto, M., Maeda, C., et al. (2019). Partial vary of movement train is efficient for facilitating muscle hypertrophy and performance by means of sustained intramuscular hypoxia in younger educated males. The Journal of Energy & Conditioning Analysis, 33(5), 1286-1294.
- Fasihiyan, M., et al. (2023). The consequences of a single or multi-step drop-set coaching in comparison with conventional resistance coaching on muscle efficiency and physique composition. Scientific Journal of Sport and Efficiency, 2(3), 410-422.
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- Kompf, J., & Arandjelović, O. (2017). The sticking level within the bench press, the squat, and the deadlift: Similarities and variations, and their significance for analysis and apply. Sports activities Medication, 47, 631-640.
- Andersen, V., et al. (2022). Evaluating the results of variable and conventional resistance coaching on maximal energy and muscle energy in wholesome adults: A scientific evaluate and meta-analysis. Journal of Science and Medication in Sport.
- Dos Santos, W. D. N., et al. (2018). Results of variable resistance coaching on maximal energy: a meta-analysis. The Journal of Energy & Conditioning Analysis, 32(11), e52-e55.
- Staniszewski, M., Mastalerz, A., & Urbanik, C. (2020). Impact of a energy or hypertrophy coaching protocol, every carried out utilizing two totally different modes of resistance, on biomechanical, biochemical and anthropometric parameters. Biology of Sport, 37(1), 85-91.
- Walker, S., Hulmi, J. J., Wernbom, M., Nyman, Ok., Kraemer, W. J., Ahtiainen, J. P., & Häkkinen, Ok. (2013). Variable resistance coaching promotes larger fatigue resistance however not hypertrophy versus fixed resistance coaching. European Journal of Utilized Physiology, 113, 2233-2244.
- Ackland, D. C., et al. (2008). Second arms of the muscle groups crossing the anatomical shoulder. Journal of Anatomy, 213(4), 383-390.
- Ackland, D. C., & Pandy, M. G. (2011). Second arms of the shoulder muscle groups throughout axial rotation. Journal of Orthopaedic Analysis, 29(5), 658-667.
- Muyor, J. M., Rodríguez-Ridao, D., & Oliva-Lozano, J. M. (2023). Comparability of muscle exercise between the horizontal bench press and the seated chest press workouts utilizing a number of grips. Journal of Human Kinetics, 87, 23.
- Coratella, G., et al. (2020). Particular prime movers’ excitation throughout free-weight bench press variations and chest press machine in aggressive bodybuilders. European Journal of Sport Science, 20(5), 571-579.
- Saeterbakken, A. H., van den Tillaar, R., & Fimland, M. S. (2011). A comparability of muscle exercise and 1-RM energy of three chest-press workouts with totally different stability necessities. Journal of sports activities sciences, 29(5), 533-538.
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- dos Santos Albarello, et al. (2022). Non-uniform excitation of pectoralis main induced by adjustments in bench press inclination results in uneven variations within the cross-sectional space measured by panoramic ultrasonography. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 67, 102722
- Chaves, S. F., et al. (2020). Results of horizontal and incline bench press on neuromuscular variations in untrained younger males. Worldwide Journal of Train Science, 13(6), 859.
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